The Rainbow around the Sun or Moon
Ke Ānuenue a Puni ka Lā a i ʻole ka Mahina
There are 3 members of this group as follows:
1. The Luahoana
2. The Luakālai
3. The Luakālailani
Primary trait: A rainbow circle around the sun or moon
These 3 rainbow types are really just are synonyms of each other, three words with the same meaning.[1] Therefore they are considered one type of rainbow for this project. The definitions for each are shown below, and show that they are synonyms.
The Luakālai, Luahoana, Luakālailani
The features of the Luahoana, Luakālai, Luakālailani
Here are the definitions from the dictionaries.[2]
The Luahoana:
Pukui/Elbert: n., Halo or rainbow around sun or moon. Literally, polished pit.
Andrews: s. The halo or rainbow appearance around the sun or moon.
Parker: A halo or rainbow appearance around the sun or moon. Syn: Luakalai.
The Luakālai:
Pukui/Elbert: Same as luahoana. Literally, hewn pit.
Andrews: s. See LUAHOANA. A halo around the sun or moon in cloudy or hazy weather.
Parker: A halo around the sun or moon in cloudy or hazy weather. Syn: Luahoana.
A luakālai (na Markus Gann | Dreamstime.com)
The Luakālailani:
Pukui/Elbert: s. See LUAHOANA and LUAKALAI. A halo, &c.
Parker: A halo in the heavens. Syn: Luahoana and luakalai.
Primary trait: A rainbow around the sun or moon
Secondary trait: A white rainbow with perhaps other colors
A luakālai (na Hoaloha Westcott)
The Luahoana, luakālai, luakālailani are often seen in Hawaiʻi. Sometimes all the colors of the rainbow appear, and sometimes only white is seen. The sequence of colors of the luakālai is that the middle is white, followed by blue, green, yellow, then red.
The strata that the Luahoana, Luakālai, Luakālailani appear
The Luakālai appears in the lewa lani, when the sun is in Kahikikapuihōlanikekuʻina or Kahikikepapalani, and there is mist or thin clouds in the atmosphere.
A luakālai (na Hoaloha Westcott)
The times that the Luahoana, Luakālai, Luakālailani appear
According to a Hawaiian language newspaper article by Joseph Nāwahī, this type of rainbow appears when the sun is located at our meridian.[3] In the view of western science, this type of rainbow is call a corona and is often seen when the sun or moon is high in the sky.[4]
The signs/omens of the Luahoana, Luakālai, Luakālailani
The research results for the uakoko are shown below. There were 4 signs/omens found within the sources analyzed. There are 7 occurrences of these signs/omens. The Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was performed on the data, and the result is that the data does not vary significantly from an equal distribution and therefore one or more of the groups is not significantly different than the others from a mathematical perspective.[5]
Translation Key
Examples for each of the signs/omens for the Luakālai are shown on the Hawaiian pages and are not available in English at this time.
[1] Joseph Nawahi, "Ke Anuenue a me Ka Luakalailani." Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Mei 24, 1893: 2-3. n.d. Wehewehe Wikiwiki. Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Hilo. https://hilo.hawaii.edu/wehe/.
[2] Wehewehe Wikiwiki. n.d. Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Hilo. https://hilo.hawaii.edu/wehe/. (Pukui/Elbert).
[3] Joseph Nawahi, "Ke Anuenue a me Ka Luakalailani." Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Mei 24, 1893: 2-3.
[4] David K. Lynch and William Livingston. 1995. Color and Light in Nature. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the Unversity of Cambridge. ʻaoʻao 124.
[5] ʻO ka hopena o ka hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili: χ2 (3, n = 7) = 0.67, p < 0.955. No laila, hoʻāpono ʻia ke kuhiakau kūpapa
na Hoaloha Westcott