Nā Piʻo Ānuenue

ʻO nā piʻo ānuenue, ʻo ia paha ke ʻano ānuenue e ʻike pinepine loa ʻia ana ma kēia pae ʻāina nei. ʻEhiku lālā o kēia hui, penei:

Like ka welo mua a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o ia mau lālā o kēia hui ānuenue. E wehewehe ʻia ia mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā hopena noiʻi a pau o ia mau lālā ma loko o nā māhele ma lalo nei. Ma ʻaneʻi, e kilo ʻia nā ʻikepili hōʻailona no kēia hui ānuenue holoʻokoʻa.

Hōʻike ʻia ia mau ʻikepili ma loko o ka Pakuhi i lalo iho. Ua kupu ʻumi kumamāwalu hōʻailona like ʻole ma loko o nā kūmole i kālailai ʻia. He mea ʻano nui nō kēlā me kēia hōʻailona, no ka mea, hiki ke maopopo ka laulā o nā pōʻaiapili i hoʻopuka ʻia ai nā piʻo ānuenue e nā mea kākau like ʻole. Ke nānā ʻia nā ʻikepili o nā hui hōʻailona he ʻelima, hiki ke ʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ke kupu pinepine ʻana o nā hōʻailona pili i ke kū ʻana (78 ka huinanui). Hoihoi loa ka ʻikepili o nā hui hōʻailona a pau, eia naʻe, he nīnau nui paha ma ke kuanaʻike makemakika, ʻoi aku ka huinanui o ke kupu ʻana o nā hōʻailona pili i ke kū ʻana ma mua o ko nā hui hōʻailona ʻē aʻe? Pēlā paha, akā, pehea e ana ai i ia mau huinanui? ʻO ka mea i pono ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi kiʻina hana no ia ana ʻana. He kiʻina hana kūpono ko ka ʻoihana makemakika, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili.[1] Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia hōʻike no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā huinanui o ia mau hui hōʻailona he ʻelima a me ka pilina o kekahi i kekahi. Inā, like nā huinanui o ia mau hui, e mahuʻi ʻia paha ē ua like ā like ka pinepine o ke kupu ʻana o nā hōʻailona o kēlā me kēia hui.

Nā hōʻailona o nā piʻo ānuenue

ʻOiai, kupu nā hōʻailona piʻo ānuenue a pau he 171, e mahuʻi ʻia, ma kahi o ke kanakolu kumamāhā ka huinanui (171/5) o kēlā me kēia hui hōʻailona. No laila, ʻo ke kuhiakau kūpapa: ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka huinanui o kēlā me kēia hui. ʻO ka hopena o ia hōʻike makemakika, hōʻole ʻia ke kuhiakau kūpapa.[2] No laila, ʻoi makemakika ke kupu ʻana o nā hōʻailona o kekahi mau hui ma mua o ko nā hui ʻē aʻe.[3] ʻO ka hui hea? Malia paha, ʻo ia nā hōʻailona pili i ke kū ʻana. He mea makemakika komohana ia hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili, a hoʻolako paha ia i kahi kiʻina hana no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻikepili o kēia mau hui hōʻailona. Eia naʻe, ʻo kekahi mea e pono ai, ʻo ia ke kaulona ʻana i nā hōʻailona a pau o kēlā me kēia ʻano ānuenue ma loko o kēia mokuna. He mea ʻano nui nō nā hōʻailona a pau i pili i nā ʻano ānuenue. Eia kekahi, he mea hoihoi loa paha nā hōʻailona i kupu pinepine loa mai no kēlā me kēia ʻano ānuenue.

[1] Frederick J. Gravetter and Larry B Wallnau. 2013. Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 8. Wadsworth Cenegage Learning. ʻaoʻao 518. E nānā ʻia ka Pākuʻina 1 no kekahi hoʻākāka ʻana e pili ana i kēia hōʻike makemakika.

[2] ʻO ka hopena o ka hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili: χ2 (4, n = 171) = 89.67, p < 0.001. No laila, hōʻole ʻia ke kuhiakau kūpapa.

[3] ʻO ka ʻoi makemakika, he ʻōlelo ia no ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano nui o kekahi hui hōʻailona e pili ana i nā hui hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ke kuanaʻike makemakika. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma muli o ka hopena o ka hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili. No ke koena o kēia pepa nei, hoʻohana ʻia wale nō ka ʻōlelo ʻoi aku ke wehewehe ʻana i nā hopena o ka hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili.