​Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka piʻo ānuenue pālua

 

ʻAʻohe wehewehena kikoʻī ma nā puke wehewehe like ʻole no ka piʻo ānuenue pālua, eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wehewehena o ka piʻo ānuenue, penei:[1]

Pukui/Elbert: 1. nvs., Piʻo, pāpiʻo, hoaka, hoʻopiʻo ʻia, ka piʻo o kekahi ānuenue.

Parker:  n., He piʻo malama nona nā kaʻina waihoʻoluʻu.

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ʻO ka welo mua:                     He ānuenue nona ʻelua piʻo

ʻO nā welo kūlana ʻelua:        He ānuenue nona ka hapa nui o nā waihoʻoluʻu a pau

 

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​ʻElua piʻo o ka piʻo ānuenue pālua, a ʻike pinepine ʻia ma Hawaiʻi nei. Ua hoʻopuka ʻia ia huaʻōlelo pālua e Nawahi ma loko o kāna ʻatikala nūpepa ʻo Ke Anuenue, a me Ka Luakalailani.[2] Ua hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia huaʻōlelo ma loko o kekahi mau ʻatikala ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻopuka ana i ia huaʻōlelo pālua. Eia naʻe, ma loko o nā nūpepa kahiko, ua hoʻopuka ʻia nō hoʻi kekahi mau huaʻōlelo ʻokoʻa, e like me ke anuenue pipiʻo lua.[3]

ʻIke pinepine ʻia ke ānuenue pālua nona nā piʻo piha. He nīnau hoihoi, ʻo wai nā inoa o nā piʻo he ʻelua o ke ānuenue pālua? Ua loaʻa ʻelua ʻōnaehana no ke kapa inoa ʻana i ia mau piʻo. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana mua, he wahine ka piʻo ma loko i kapa ʻia ka Piʻo Tuahine, a loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā waihoʻoluʻu a pau. Aia ka ʻulaʻula pua rose ma luna a me ka mākuʻe (waioleka) ma lalo o ka piʻo. Pili ia piʻo me ka ua kūpaʻa. He kāne ka piʻo ma waho i kapa ʻia ka Piʻo Kūhonu, a loaʻa nō hoʻi ka hapa nui o nā waihoʻoluʻu a pau. Aia ka mākuʻe (waioleka) ma luna a me ka ʻulaʻula pua rose ma lalo o ka piʻo. Pili ia piʻo me ka ua lanipili. I kekahi mau manawa, pilipili kekahi Piʻo Pēpē i ka piʻo wahine, ʻaʻole he piʻo kaʻawale, he ʻauina kala ia. Ma loko o nā Piʻo Pēpē, aia nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, waioleka, a me ka lenalena maoli. Pili nā Piʻo Pēpē me ka ua kilihune.[4] E nānā ʻia ka māhele ma lalo iho no kekahi hoʻākāka ʻana e pili ana i ka piʻo pēpē.

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 ʻOkoʻa ka lua o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka piʻo ma loko, kapa ʻia ka Piʻo Mōʻī. ʻO ka piʻo ma waho, kapa ʻia ka Piʻo Aliʻi. Wahi a Nawahi: “Mamuli o ke kulana o na Alii i loaa ai na inoa pili i na pio anuenue palua, a kapa ia, ka Pio-Moi a me ka Pio-Alii. O ka Moi wale no kai noho aku i loko o ka Pio-Moi, ma ke kahua i loko o ka heiau – a o na alii hoi, ua noho lakou ma waho mai, ma ka Pio-Alii i loko o ke kahua o ka heiau hoomana; a o na kaukau alii ma waho ae, a pela aku

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Nā inoa piʻo o nā ʻōnaehana he ʻelua

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hoi a hiki i na makaainana ma waho loa.”[5] Hōʻike ʻia nā kūlana o ia mau inoa piʻo ma loko o ka Pakuhi o luna aʻe, aia ka ʻōnaehana mua ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, a aia ka ʻōnaehana ʻelua ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ia Pakuhi. ʻOi aku anei ka maikaʻi o kekahi ʻōnaehana ma mua o ko ka ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe? Malia paha, ʻaʻole paha. ʻO ia mau ʻonaehana he ʻelua, ʻo ia paha kekahi laʻana ē ʻokoʻa ka ʻike o ka poʻe ma kekahi wahi, ʻokoʻa ka ʻike o ka poʻe ma kekahi wahi ʻē aʻe. No kēia papahana nei, ua koho ʻia kā Nawahi ʻōnaehana no ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ānuenue pālua.

 

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ānuenue pālua

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He mau hiʻohiʻona hoihoi ko ke ānuenue pālua. ʻOi aku ke ʻalohi o loko o ka Piʻo Mōʻī ma mua o ko waho. ʻUa pākolu ka nui o ke ʻalohi o ka Piʻo Mōʻī ma mua o ko ka Piʻo Aliʻi. Ma waena o ka Piʻo Mōʻī a me ka Piʻo Aliʻi, aia ka ʻauina pōʻele. ʻO ia ʻauina, ua kapa ʻia ka ʻauina pōʻele o Alexander.[6] ʻO Alexander o Aphrodisias ka mea mua i wehewehe i kēia ʻauina i ka makahiki 200 AD.[7] ʻAʻole kūpī kekahi o nā kukuna lā ma loko o kēia ʻauina, a no laila, ʻemi ke ʻalohi o ia ʻauina ke ʻike aku.[8] Hoʻohuli ʻia ke kaʻina o nā waihoʻoluʻu ma loko o ka Piʻo Aliʻi ke hoʻohālike ʻia me ka Piʻo Mōʻī. Hōʻike ʻia ia mau hiʻohiʻona ma loko o ka Pakuhi o luna aʻe. No ke aha ka hoʻohuli ʻia ʻana o nā waihoʻoluʻu ma ka Piʻo Aliʻi? No ka Piʻo Mōʻī, i ke kukuna lā e komo iho ai i ka huna wai, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka malama keʻokeʻo i kekahi ʻauina kala e ke kīkeʻe ʻana. Kaʻahele ia mau waihoʻoluʻu i ka hope o ka huna wai a hoʻoaka ʻia iho i mua o ka huna wai. Puka akula ia mau waihoʻoluʻu i ka huna wai a ʻōʻili ka Piʻo Mōʻī. No laila, ʻōʻili ka Piʻo Mōʻī ma muli o ke aka hoʻokahi ʻana ma loko o nā huna wai e kau ana ma nā huina 40-42o i luna o ka mea nānā. Eia naʻe, ma loko o ia mau huna wai, aka hou nā waihoʻoluʻu. Ma hope o kēia aka hou ʻana e puka aku ai nā waihoʻoluʻu mai ka huna wai mai a ʻōʻili ka Piʻo Aliʻi. No laila, ʻōʻili ka Piʻo Aliʻi ma muli o ke aka ʻelua ʻana ma loko o nā huna wai e kau ana ma nā huina 50-54o i luna o ka mea nānā.[9] Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau hopena ma loko o nā Pakuhi he ʻelua o lalo iho.

I ka manawa o nā waihoʻoluʻu e aka hou iho ana ma loko o ka huna wai, emi kekahi mau ikehu hawewe lā i ka puehu ʻana o ka malama i loko o ka huna wai. No laila, poahi nā waihoʻoluʻu e puka aku ana mai nā huna wai, a no ia mea, emi ke ʻalohi o ka Piʻo Aliʻi ke hoʻohālike ʻia me ko ka Piʻo Mōʻī. ʻO ke emi o ke ʻalohi o ka Piʻo Aliʻi, he pākēneka 57.[10]

 

Nā huina o ke ānuenue mua a me ke ānuenue lua                         Ke aka hou ʻana ma loko o ka huna wai

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Aia ka Piʻo Aliʻi ma kahi o ʻumi huina ma waho o ka Piʻo Mōʻī. Aia ke kikowaena o ia mau piʻo ānuenue ʻelua i kahi like. No laila, ʻoi aku ke anawaena o ka Piʻo Aliʻi ma mua o ka Piʻo Mōʻī. ʻO ka nui o kēia anawaena, ma kahi ia o 1.8x a ʻoi. ʻO ka puehu ʻana ma loko o ka huna wai ke kumu o ia anawaena ʻokoʻa.[11] ​​​​​​​​​​

 

Nā pōʻai lewa o nā piʻo ānuenue pālua e ʻōʻili ai.

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I mea e hoʻāna ai i ke kiʻekiʻena o nā piʻo, ʻo kekahi mea e pono ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā huina o ke ānuenue pālua e ʻōʻili ai. Inā, he ānuenue hoʻokahi, ʻo ia ka huina he 40 – 42. Inā he ānuenue pālua,ʻo ka huina 40 – 42 ia. ʻO ia nā huina o ka Piʻo Mōʻī e ʻōʻili ai, a ʻo ka huina 50 - 54, ʻo ia nā huina o ka Piʻo Aliʻi e ʻōʻili ai. Hōʻike ʻia ia mau huina ma loko o ka Pakuhi o lalo nei.

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Nā huina o ka Piʻo Mōʻī a me ka Piʻo Aliʻi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Ua maopopo iā Nawahi ia mau huina, a wehewehe ʻo ia ma loko o ia ʻatikala nūpepa āna.[12] Kaupalena ʻia ke kiʻekiʻena o nā piʻo o ia mau huina. Ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia mau huina a me kekahi anahonua, hiki ke hoʻokokekau ʻia ke kiʻekiʻena o ke ānuenue pālua. Inā, ʻōʻili ke ānuenue pālua ma luna o ka hālāwai (ma kahi o 3.1 mile mai ka mea nānā e kū ana ma ka ʻilikai[13]), a aia ka lā ma ke Kahikikū, he 2.79 mile (14,731 kapuaʻi) ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ānuenue mua, a he 4.27 mile (22,544 kapuaʻi) ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ānuenue ʻelua. ʻOiai, aia ka pōʻai lewa lani ma nā kapuaʻi he 14,500 -  60,000+, no laila, aia ka wēkiu o ka Piʻo Mōʻī a me a Piʻo Aliʻi ma ka lewa lani i ka manawa o ka lā e kau ana ma ke Kahikikū (ke ao a i ʻole ke ahiahi). Hōʻike ʻia paha kekahi ānuenue pālua nona nā wēkiu o ka Piʻo Mōʻī a me ka Piʻo Aliʻi i ka lewa lani ma loko o ka Pakuhi nona nā inoa piʻo o luna aʻe. I kekahi manawa, pili he ānuenue pālua i ka honua. E nānā ʻia ke Kiʻi o lalo iho. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka Piʻo Mōʻī pili i ka hālāwai. E hōʻike ʻia ana paha ka hapalua o kona ākea ma luna o ka hālāwai. No laila, aia ka wēkiu o ka Piʻo Mōʻī ma kahi o 340 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka hālāwai. A no laila nō, aia i ka lewa lani lewa. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ka wēkiu o ka Piʻo Mōʻī me ka wēkiu o ka Piʻo Aliʻi, ma kahi ia o 7,800 kapuaʻi (22,544 – 14,731). No laila, aia ka wēkiu o ka Piʻo Aliʻi ma kahi o 8,140 kapuaʻi (340 + 7,800 = 8,140) ma luna o ka hālāwai, a no laila, aia ma loko o ka pōʻai lewa nuʻu.

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He ānuenue pālua pili i ke kai (na Tianne Alegnani ke kiʻi)

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Nā manawa o ke ānuenue pālua e ʻōʻili ai

 

Wahi a Nawahi, “I ka manawa ua liilii kilihune, a ua hiki ae ke kiekie o ka la i ka 42 degere, aole loa e ikeia ke Anuenue o ka Pio-Moi, oia ka pio anuenue maloko. A i ka wa hoi e oi aku ai ke kiekie o ka La mamua o 54 ½  degere; aole loa e ikeia ke Anuenue o ka Pio Alii, oia hoi ka pio ma waho. O keia kekahi o na mea pahaohao nui i loko o ka ke akua mau hana.”[14] I ka manawa o ka lā e hoʻokela ana i ia mau huina, aia ka lā i ka pōʻai ʻo Kahikikapuihōlanikekuʻina, a nalowale nā piʻo i lalo o ka hālāwai. ʻAelike ke kuanaʻike ʻepekema i ia mau manaʻo o Nawahi.[15]

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Nā hōʻailona o ka piʻo ānuenue pālua

 

​ʻElima hōʻailona like ʻole o ka piʻo ānuenue pālua ma loko o nā kūmole i kālailai ʻia no kēia papahana nei. Hōʻike ʻia ma loko o ka Pakuhi 29. He 9 ka huinanui o ia mau hōʻailona. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hōʻailona pili i ke kū ʻana (he 4 ka huinanui).

 

Nā hōʻailona o ke ānuenue pālua

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He ʻano nui nō ke kupu ʻana o kēlā me kēia mau hōʻailona ma loko o nā hui like ʻole, ʻo ka nīnau maʻamau, ʻoi aku anei ke kupu ʻana o nā hōʻailona pili i ke kū ʻana (he 4 ka huinanui) ma mua o ko nā hui hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ke kuanaʻike makemakika? Ua hoʻohana hou ʻia ia hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā huinanui o ia mau hui hōʻailona he ʻehā e pili ana kekahi i kekahi. E mahuʻi ʻia paha ē ua like ka huinanui o nā hōʻailona ma loko o kēlā me kēia hui. No laila, ʻo ke kuhiakau kūpapa: ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka huinanui o kēlā me kēia hui. ʻO ka hopena o ia hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili, ʻāpono ʻia ke kuhiakau kūpapa.[16] No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka huinanui o kekahi mau hui hōʻailona ma mua o nā hui hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. E hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau laʻana hōʻailona ānuenue o ka piʻo ānuenue pālua o lalo iho.

 

He hōʻailona no ke kū mai o kekahi aliʻi, akua:

 

Ua paʻi ʻia kahi ʻatikala he ʻekolu lā ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana mai o ke kupapaʻu o Kalākaua i Honolulu.[17] Ua hala ʻo Kalākaua i ke ala koʻiʻula a Kāne i ka lā 20 o Ianuali, 1891 ma Kapalakiko. Hoʻopuka ia ʻatikala i ka piʻo ʻana o kahi ānuenue mai ka manawa i hōʻea mai ai ka moku nona ko Kalākaua kupapaʻu i ke awa o Honolulu a hiki i ka hāpai ʻia ʻana o ia kupapaʻu i ka ʻīpuka o ka pā aliʻi ʻIolani. ʻO ka piʻo aʻela nō ia o kekahi ānuenue pālua ma luna pono o ka hale aliʻi. E piʻo ana ia ānuenue pālua a hiki i ka pōʻeleʻele.

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Ka hiki mai auaneʻi o kekahi mōʻ, aliʻi, ʻeʻepa, kupua, akua:

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I kekahi manawa, kupu kekahi mau ʻano ānuenue i loko o kahi moeʻuhane, penei: “…aia nae ua ike hou au elua anuenue e pio ana, mamua pono mai o na uakoko, o na anuenue 2 ua komo aku ko laua mau welelau i ke aouli, ua pae mai la lakou a pau i kahaone…ua oili mai la he luahine i hele a uhi ka alu; oia no ka wa a’u i ninau aku ai, heaha ka huakai nui o kou hiki ana mai nei?”[18]

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Ka hoʻomanalo ʻia ʻana o kekahi kapu:

 

Ma loko o “Ka Moolelo walohia o Hainakolo”, ma mua o ka hoʻāo ʻana o Luukia a me Leimakani: “Ke pipio lua nei ke anuenue me ka ikaika loa, ke uhi nei ka ua noe ma ka aina a ma ka moana, a ke ikuwa nei na leo o ka makani, ka hekili, ka ua ame ka wai.....” I kēlā manawa, ua nīnau aku ʻo Hina i ke kahuna ʻo Aniani, ““Heaha kau ike, e Aniani, no keia mau ouli e holapu nei i keia wa me ka ikaika loa?”

I wa i pane mai ai ua kahuna nei: “Ke koke mai nei keia mau ouli kupaianaha apau o ka lewa ko ka honua nei, ua hoomanaloia ke kapu o oukou o na’lii. Eia la, ua hui ke ahi me ka wai; ua hoao na’lii.””[19]

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Ka nohona o kekahi aliʻi/mōʻī/ʻeʻepa/kupua/akua/ʻuhane:

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Ma loko o ka moʻolelo o Hainakolo: “Komo mai la o Kanoeakakai a noho iho la maluna o ka nupanupa o ka nuʻa moena; a, ai na anuenue liilii ke pipio lua la ma o a maanei a puni kona kino.”[20] 

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Ka haʻalele ʻana o ke aliʻi/akua:

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Ma loko o ka moʻolelo o Hainakolo: “Haiia mai nei ia maua, e kau mai ana ua lei kapu nei au e ke alii, ma ka eheu o ka ua noe i ka pipiʻo lua a ke anuenue. O keia ka maua hoike ia oe, e ke alii, no ka maua huakai au i hoouna aku nei."[21]

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[1] n.d. Wehewehe Wikiwiki. Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Hilo. https://hilo.hawaii.edu/wehe/. Ua unuhi ʻia nā wehewehena o nā ʻano ānuenue i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi no kēia papahana laeoʻo. E nānā ʻia ka māhele 1.1.1 no kekahi hoʻākaaka ʻana.

[2] Joseph Nawahi, "Ke Anuenue a me Ka Luakalailani." Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Mei 24, 1893: 2-3.

[3] Hooulumahiehie, 1907 - 1908. "Ka Moolelo Walohia o Hainakolo." Ka Na’iAupuni, Ianuali - Mei 1. Pepeluali 21: 1.

[4] Jeana Naluwai. Ua nīnauele ʻia e Hoaloha Westcott. 2022. ʻIke ānuenue (Nowemapa 14).

     Mika Lee, interview by Anthony Aalto. 2013. Hana Hou Magazine: Signs and Wonders Hana Hou Magazine, (January).

[5] Joseph Nawahi, "Ke Anuenue a me Ka Luakalailani." Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Mei 24, 1893: 2-3. Hōʻoia ʻia nā ʻano o ka heiau ma loko o kā Kepelino puke: Kepelino, Z.K. 2007. Kepelinoʻs Traditions of Hawaiʻi. Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum Press. ʻaoʻao 59.

[6] John A. Adam. 2002. "The mathematical physics of rainbows and glories." Physics Reports (Elsevier) 356 (4-5): 229-365. Accessed ʻApelila 2024.

[7] Carl B. Boyer (1987). The Rainbow: From Myth to Mathematics.  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ʻaoʻao 294.

[8] k.l.

[9] Joseph Nawahi, "Ke Anuenue a me Ka Luakalailani." Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Mei 24, 1893: 2-3; John A. Adam. 2002. "The mathematical physics of rainbows and glories." Physics Reports (Elsevier) 356 (4-5): 229-365. Accessed ʻApelila 2024.

[10] n.d. Secondary Rainbow. Accessed 4 2024. https://atoptics.co.uk/blog/secondary-rainbow/.

[11] k.l.

[12] Joseph Nawahi, "Ke Anuenue a me Ka Luakalailani." Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Mei 24, 1893: 2-3.

[13] Lynch, David K, and William Livingston. 1995. Color and Light in Nature. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the Unversity of Cambridge. ʻaoʻao 46. Ua mahuʻi ʻia, aia kekahi kanaka e kū ana ma ka ʻae kai.

[14] Joseph Nawahi, "Ke Anuenue a me Ka Luakalailani." Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Mei 24, 1893: 2-3.

[15] Myses H. Nussenzveig. 1980. "The Theory of the Rainbow." In Light From the Sky, by Scientific American. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman and Company. ʻaoʻao 58.

[16] Frederick J. Gravetter and Larry B Wallnau. 2013. Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 8. Wadsworth Cenegage Learning. ʻaoʻao 518. E nānā ʻia ka Pākuʻina 1 no kekahi hoʻākaaka ʻana e pili ana i kēia hōʻike makemakika. ʻO ka hopena o ka hōʻike haʻihelu hoʻoili:  χ2 (3, n = 9) = 6.0, p < 0.20. No laila, ʻāpono ʻia ke kuhiakau kūpapa.

[17] ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea kākau, "Ka Pio Oiaio." Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Feberuari 2, 1891: 2.

[18] Kukalaula. 1889. "He Moeuhane Pahaohao." Ka Leo o Ka Lahui, Septemaba 9.

[19] Hooulumahiehie, 1908. "Ka Moolelo Walohia o Hainakolo." Ka Nai Aupuni, Ianuali - Mei 1. Feberuari 24: 1.

[20] Hooulumahiehie. 1907 - 1908. "Ka Moolelo Walohia o Hainakolo." Ka Na’i Aupuni, Ianuali - Mei 1. Mei 14: 1.

[21] k.l. Iune 5: 1.

[21] Kākaʻikahi nō ke ānuenue pākoli, a no laila, malia paha, hoʻololi ʻia kēia kiʻi i mea e hōʻike ai i nā piʻo he ʻekolu.

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